科普 | 间充质干细胞在治疗复发性流产当中是如何应用的?
发布时间:2020-07-24
复发性流产
是指妊娠妇女在妊娠28周之前,在自然状态下,发生三次或者三次以上的流产现象[1],发生率占总妊娠数量的1%。
比如使用免疫球蛋白进行治疗,其理论依据是其可以调节产妇子宫内环境的免疫功能,减少子宫内免疫细胞对胚胎的攻击,部分文献表明可以显著提高妊娠成功率[5],而部分文献则认为其无效[6],并且免疫球蛋白还有不小的副作用,需要谨慎使用。
还有使用异体来源的淋巴细胞(如丈夫或者其他健康人的淋巴细胞),进行皮内或皮下注射治疗的,其理论依据是该治疗能够激活合体滋养层中滋养层-淋巴细胞交叉免疫抗原,产生IgG封闭抗体,避免胚胎受到母体的免疫攻击,同时调节母体内的免疫细胞、免疫因子的数量及功能,产生免疫耐受。关于异体来源免疫细胞注射的有效性和安全性同样存在很大的争议,不同的研究得到的结论存在一定的矛盾,有些研究认为有效[7-8],而有些研究则认为其没有[9-10]。
综上所述
MSC在理论上可以通过免疫调节作用,诱导免疫耐受,减少炎症因子的分泌,来降低流产的发生率。这一点在动物模型上被证实为有效的。但是基于伦理问题考虑(涉及孕产妇),相关实验较难通过临床研究的审批,2020年获批了为数众多的间充质干细胞临床实验项目,相信在这些实验数据公布以后,会有较为充足的数据证明其安全性,从而推动间充质干细胞在治疗复发性流产上面的应用。
参考文献
1. 林其德,汪希鹏,原因不明复发性流产的病理病因生理机制与治疗研究进展[J].中国实用妇科与产科杂志,2007,23(1);5-8。
2. 林其德,复发性流产免疫学诊断和治疗共识.《生殖医学杂志》2008年 第1期 。
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